Optimizacija performanci mikrousluga u programskom jeziku Java

master's thesis

• Title (english): Microservice performance optimization in programming language Java
• Author: Luka Jurić
• Mentor: Mario Kušek (mentor)
• Committee member: Mario Kušek (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivana Podnar Žarko (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Pavle Skočir (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-07-07, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Computing
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Electrical Engineering

Abstract

Danas se sve više mrežnih aplikacija implementira arhitekturalnim stilom mikrousluga. Takve se aplikacije često izvršavaju u oblaku
na infrastrukturi nekog od pružatelja IaaS usluge. S obzirom na to da se zakupljeni resursi plaćaju, važno ih je što efikasnije koristiti.
Neke od tehnologija kojima se one mogu implementirati u Javi su radni okviri Spring Boot i Quarkus. Spring Boot puno
je korišteniji radni okvir s duljom prošlošću i velikom bazom korisnika koji je vrlo dobro i detaljno dokumentiran. Quarkus se temelji
na Javi EE, a zadovoljava standard MicroProfile. Uz ova dva radna okvira moguće je koristiti i GraalVM koji je implementacija
Javina virtualnoga stroja i nudi dodatne optimizacije. Moguće ga je koristiti na razini virtualnoga stroja ili u obliku native slike.
Native slika izvršna je datoteka koja za izvršavanje ne treba Javin virtualni stroj, a prikladna je za manje serverless
aplikacije kod kojih je bitna brzina pokretanja. To se postiže ahead-of-time prevođenjem i odbacivanjem nedohvatljivoga koda.

Na primjerima manjih i jednostavnih aplikacija testirane su performance različitih tehnologija
korištenih za implementaciju i oblika pokretanja aplikacija. Za to su korišteni VisualVM - alat za praćenje
performanci aplikacije i Gatling - alat za generiranje HTTP zahtjeva kojim se stvara opterećenje. Testirana je i mikrousluga RAP
koja je dio symbIoTea za koju je ustanovljeno da je Spring Boot bolja opcija za implementaciju, a OpenJDK-ova
distribucija JVM-a dala je bolje rezultate od GraalVM-ove distribucije. Ovisno o veličini aplikacije i arhitekturalnome stilu koji
se koristi, neka je tehnologija prikladnija od drugih, a testiranje performanci može biti od velike pomoći pri odabiru virtualnoga stroja
na kojem će se aplikacija izvršavati.

Abstract (english)

More and more network applications are implemented using the microservice architectural style. Those applications are often ran in the cloud
on the infrastructure of one of IaaS service providers. Since allocated resources are paid, it is important to use them as efficient as possible.
Some of the technologies used to implement them in Java are Spring Boot and Quarkus frameworks. Spring Boot is widely
used and has a longer history, more users and it is very well documented. Quarkus is based on Java EE and conforms to the MicroProfile
standard. GraalVM, which is the implementation of the JVM with additional optimizations, can be used besides those two frameworks. It can
be used on a virtual machine level or as a native image. Native image is an executable file which does not need JVM to run, and is used for smaller
serverless applications which require fast start-up. That is accomplished by ahead-of-time code compilation and unreachable code removal.

The performances of different technologies and execution modes were tested on smaller and simpler sample applications. VisualVM the tool for
performance monitoring, and Gatling, the tool for HTTP request generation, were used for performance testing. Besides that, RAP microservice,
which is the part of symbIoTe, was also tested. Spring Boot was the best fit for its implementation and OpenJDK's JVM gave better results
than the one from GraalVM's distribution. Depending on the application's scope and used architectural style, some technologies are
more suitable than others, and performance testing can be of a big help when choosing on which JVM it will be running on.

• Keywords: Java; Spring Boot; Quarkus; GraalVM; MicroProfile; Gatling; VisualVM; just-in-time prevodilac; testiranje performanci; native slika
• Keywords (english): Java; Spring Boot; Quarkus; GraalVM; MicroProfile; Gatling; VisualVM; just-in-time compiler; performance testing; native image
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:168:340599
• Study programme: Title: Information and Communication Technology; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka informacijske i komunikacijske tehnologije (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka informacijske i komunikacijske tehnologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Closed access
• Created on: 2023-01-13 10:08:00