Title Jednofazni aktivni učinski filtar s mikroprocesorskim upravljanjem
Author Saša Sladić
Mentor Željko Jakopović (mentor)
Committee member Zvonko Benčić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Željko Jakopović (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Viktor Šunde (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing (Department of Electric Machines, Drives and Automation) Zagreb
Defense date and country 2005-07-08, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline TECHNICAL SCIENCES Electrical Engineering Electronics
Universal decimal classification (UDC ) 621.3 - Electrical engineering
Abstract Predmet istraživanja je usporedba različitih topologija i upravljačkih algoritama jednofaznoga aktivnoga učinskog filtra (APF) na mikroprocesorskom sustavu dSPACE. Jednofazni aktivni učinski filtar također je uspoređen s ostalim metodologijama poboljšanja faktora snage (pasivni filtri, ispravljač s poboljšanjem faktora snage...). U cilju usporedbe različitih metodologija poboljšanja faktora snage i usporedbe različitih algoritama upravljanja aktivnog učinskog filtra analiziran je razvoj IEEE i IEC normi te je ocijenjen trend nihovih izmjena i dopuna.
Pregledom literature utvrđeno je da se za poboljšanje faktora snage mogu koristiti pasivni filtri ali da su ta rješenja skupa i mogu prouzrokovati oscilacije u mreži, pa se izbjegavaju. U sljedećem koraku analizirani su radovi s područja ispravljača s poboljšanja faktora snage. Za tu grupu spojeva napravljeno je više simulacija. Utvrđeno je da ispravljač s poboljšanjem faktora snage omogućuje poboljšanje faktora snage ali osigurava manju fleksibilnost u pogledu priključivanja nelinearnih trošila nego aktivni učinski filtar. Aktivni učinski filtar moguće je ostvariti kombinacijom različitih sklopova i upravljačkih algoritama. Budući da je jednofazni mosni aktivni učinski filtar već postojao mosnoj topologiji dana je prednost, te su na njoj uspoređene različite metode upravljanja. Uspoređene su metode srednje vrijednosti struje, metoda kliznog upravljanja i metoda upravljanja u jednom ciklusu. Metode su najprije uspoređene simulacijski gdje je prednost dana metodi upravljanja u jednom ciklusu. Razlika između metoda je u njihovom ostvarivanju i u dobivenom faktoru snage te u faktoru harmoničkog izobličenja mrežne struje (THD). Osim za usporedbu različitih algoritama upravljanja simulacija je iskorištena i za ocjenu djelotvornosti APF-a. Djelotvornost sustava je ocijenjena na 90% te je priložena provjera ispravnosti simulacijskog modela. Provjera simulacijskog modela aktivnoga učinskog filtra provedena je njegovom usporedbom sa simulacijom silaznog pretvarača za kojeg je provedeno i mjerenje.
U sljedećem koraku isti su algoritmi bili primijenjeni na mikroprocesorski sustav dSPACE. Pri tome je korišten program Matlab/Simulink i korisničko sučelje Controldesk. Mikroprocesorski sustav je bio baziran na procesoru TMS 320F240. Aktivni učinski filtar po metodi upravljanja u jednom ciklusu nije realiziran na mikroprocesorskom sustavu zbog problema opisanih u odsječku 5.1. Umjesto toga aktivni učinski filtar realiziran je prema metodi srednje vrijednosti struje i kliznog upravljanja. U prvoj fazi je ostvaren APF prema metodi srednje vrijednosti struje. Premda je djelovanje sklopa bilo stabilno, usporedbom rezultata s onima koji su predstavljeni u literatiri, utvrđeno je da je moguće postići i bolje rezultate. APF je ponovno ostvaren, ali je ovaj put njegov algoritam zasnovan na kliznom upravljanju. Metodom kliznog upravljanja na mikroprocesorskom sustavu postignuto je poboljšanje faktora snage s 0,6 na 0,95. Pri tome je faktor harmoničnog izobličenja mrežne struje smanjen s 92 % na 21 %.
Rezultati dobiveni mjerenjem digitalnim osciloskopom TDS3025 dodatno su numerički obrađeni u okružju Simplorer-Day te su uspoređeni s normom IEC 555. Budući da spomenuta norma nije posljednja (i najstroža), ocijenjeno je da se uz sve metode upravljanja nužna upotreba pasivnog filtra za suzbijanje elektromagnetskih smetnji.
Abstract (english) The topic of the research is the comparison between different topologies and control algorithms of single phase active power filter (APF). Single phase active power filter was compared with other methods for power factor compensation (passive filters, power factor correctors...). In order to test different control algorithms the microprocessor system dSPACE was used. In order to make comparison valid, development of IEC and IEEE standars were analysed and it was concluded that standards will be improved.
Usage of passive filters for compensating power factor is avoided because they are expensive and they could cause oscilation in distribution network. In order to evaluate power factor corrector (PFC) simulations were made. It was concluded that PFC has a better dynamic response than passive filter but offers less flexibility for power factor compensation of more nonlinear loads than APF. For implementation of single phase active power filter universal bridge topology were used, because it was accessible as a already built circuit. Using bridge topology average current control, sliding mode and one cicle control (OCC) were simulated and compared. Highest power factor and lowest total harmonic distortion were obtained with OCC method. Simulation was used to predict efficiency of APF. Efficiency was estimated to 90%. Estimation was checked by measurement on the buck converter.
In the next step OCC, average current control and sliding mode control were applied to microprocessor system dSPACE. Unfortunately, the OCC method has not been implemented on the real converter because of problems explained in ch. 5.1. Instead of OCC method, average current control and sliding mode control methods were implemented. Sliding mode control which represents more general case of OCC control has performed better performances. Improvement of power factor from 0,6 to 0,95 and supply current total harmonic distortion (THD) from 92 % to 21 % was obtained. Results are obtained for power of 300 W (and 1,3 kW) and voltage 45 V (230 V). Maximum switching frequency of 25 kHz was recorded. It has been stated that results are satisfactory because supply voltage, which was used as a reference signal, was distorted, also (supply voltage total harmonic distortion was 3,5%). It has been shown that harmonic improvement obtained with active power filter was not enough to fulfill recommendations given in standard IEC 1000-3-2, so the usage of passive filter with active power filter is advised.
Supply voltage and current waveforms was recorded with oscilloscope TDS3025 and waveforms data were used for further analysis in program Simplorer-Day. Results were compared to the international standard IEC 555. Since standard IEC 555 is not the last one usage of additional passive filter is advised.
Keywords
Aktivni učinski filtar
poboljšanje faktora snage
energetski pretvarači
kvaliteta električne energije
mikroprocesorski sustavi
elektrotehničke norme
Keywords (english)
Active power filter
power factor correction
power converters
quality of electrical energy
microprocessor systems
electrical standards
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:168:424546
Study programme Title: Postgraduate master programme in electrical engineering Study programme type: university Study level: postgraduate Academic / professional title: Magistar znanosti elektrotehnike (Magistar znanosti elektrotehnike)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Closed access
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Created on 2019-07-02 10:49:00