Modeliranje aktivnih krajnjih korisnika i energetskih zajednica

master's thesis

• Title (english): Modelling of active end users and energy communities
• Author: Ivona Šironja
• Mentor: Tomislav Capuder (mentor)
• Committee member: Tomislav Capuder (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marko Delimar (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Goran Grdenić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-07-01, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Electrical Engineering

Abstract

Usred procesa energetske tranzicije naglasak je stavljen na inicijative građana, demokratizaciju energetskoj sektora i aktivne krajnje korisnike. U radu je istaknut potencijal solarnih fotonaponskih elektrana u Hrvatskoj. Prikazana je kategorizacija krajnjih korisnika s obnovljivim izvorima energije koji se u Hrvatskoj dijele na korisnike postrojenja za samoopskrbu i krajnje kupce s vlastitom proizvodnjom. Prikazani su postojeći tarifni modeli te detaljni prikazi obračuna električne energije za kućanstvo i poduzetništvo - oboje imaju instaliranu solarnu fotonaponsku elektranu. Uvođenjem definicija energetske zajednice građana i zajednice obnovljive energije stvoren je temelj za uspostavljanje zakonodavnog okvira zajedničkog građanskog djelovanja. Navedene su temeljne definicije i odredbe koje se tiču energetskih zajednica, a nalaze se u Direktivama Europske Unije i u zakonima Republike Hrvatske. Modeliranje aktivnih krajnjih korisnika i energetskih zajednica izvršeno je u pet faza. U prvoj fazi ispitana je isplativost ulaganja kućanstva u solarnu elektranu i period povrata investicije. U drugoj fazi isto je napravljeno za poduzetništvo. U trećoj fazi modelirana je energetska zajednica vrtića i knjižnice (oba člana pripadaju kategoriji poduzetništvo) sa lokalnom samopotrošnjom, dok je u četvrtoj fazi modelirana energetska zajednica kućanstva i vrtića (članovi nisu ista kategorija potrošača električne energije). Ispitana je isplativost sudjelovanja u energetskoj zajednici, utjecaj (ne)plaćanja dodatnih naknada za dijeljenu energiju te utjecaj velike razlike u cijenama električne energije kućanstva i poduzetništva. U petoj fazi modelirane su dvije energetske zajednice višestambenih zgrada - u Senju i na Kvatriću. Za obje zajednice napravljena su tri različita ključa fiksne podjele proizvedene energije nakon kojih se dodatni viškovi raspodjeljuju proporcionalno potrošnji među članovima zajednice. Ispituje se najisplativiji način dijeljenja energije kao i utjecaj plaćanja za dodatno dijeljenu energiju.

Abstract (english)

In the midst of the energy transition process emphasis has been placed on citizens' initiatives, democratization of the energy sector and active end users. The thesis highlights the potential of solar photovoltaic power plants in Croatia. The categorization of the end users with renewable energy sources is presented. They are divided in Croatia into the users of self-sufficiency plants and the end customers with their own production. Existing tariff models and detailed displays of electricity billing for households and businesses are presented - both have a solar photovoltaic power plant installed. The introduction of the definitions of the citizen energy community and the renewable energy community created the foundation for the establishment of a legislative framework for a joint civic action. The basic definitions and regulations concerning energy communities are given which are found in the Directives of the European Union and in the laws of the Republic of Croatia. Modelling of active end users and energy communities was performed in five phases. In the first phase the profitability of household investment in a solar power plant and the payback period were examined. In the second phase the same was done for business. In the third phase the energy community of kindergarten and library (both members belong to the category of business) with local self-consumption was modelled, while in the fourth phase the energy community of households and kindergarten was modelled (members are not in the same category of electricity users). The cost-effectiveness of participation in the energy community, the impact of (non) payment of additional fees for shared energy and the impact of the large difference in the electricity prices of households and businesses were examined. In the fifth phase two energy communities of apartment buildings were modelled - in Senj and Kvatrić. Three different keys of fixed distribution of produced energy have been made for both communities, after which additional surpluses are distributed in proportion to consumption among community members. The most cost-effective way of sharing energy is examined, as well as the impact of paying for additional shared energy.

• Keywords: obnovljivi izvori energije; solarne elektrane; građanske inicijative; energetske zajednice građana; zajednice obnovljive energije; aktivni krajnji korisnici; modeliranje energetskih zajednica; period povrata investicije; tarifni sustavi
• Keywords (english): renewable energy sources; solar power plants; citizens’ initiatives; citizen energy communities; renewable energy communities; active end users; modelling of energy communities; payback period; tariff systems
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:168:494636
• Study programme: Title: Electrical Engineering and Information Technology; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka elektrotehnike i informacijske tehnologije (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka elektrotehnike i informacijske tehnologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Closed access
• Created on: 2023-01-13 16:17:39