Kvantno-otporni algoritmi za kriptografsku zaštitu javnim ključe

professional thesis

• Title (english): Quantum-safe algorithms for public key encryption
• Author: Mladen Jurković
• Mentor: Ante Đerek (mentor)
• Committee member: Marin Golub (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ante Đerek (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Matija Kazalicki (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Computing

Abstract

Moderna kriptografija može se podijeliti u dvije velike skupine kriptografskih algoritama: simetrične i asimetrične. Simetrični kriptografski algoritmi koriste se za kriptografsku zaštitu podataka, dok se asimetrični koriste za razmjenu kriptografskih ključeva između sudionika komunikacije. Sve izvjesnija pojava kvantnih računala ugrožava sigurnost postojećih kriptografskih algoritama te je potrebno razmotriti druge, kvantno-otporne kriptografske algoritme, kao zamjenu postojećim kriptografskim algoritmima. Groverov kvantni algoritam ugrožava simetrične kriptografske algoritme na način da im „prepolovljuje“ broj bitova zaštite, dok Shorov kvantni algoritam u potpunosti razbija postojeće asimetrične kriptografske algoritme. U ovom radu opisuje se NIST-ovo natjecanje Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization koja ima za cilj odabrati kvantno-otporne kriptografske algoritme koji se koriste između ostalog i za područje kriptografske zaštite javnim ključem. Detaljnije se opisuju tri skupine kriptografskih algoritama; kriptografski algoritmi bazirani na rešetkama, kriptografski algoritmi bazirani na računalnim kodovima i kriptografski algoritmi bazirani na izogenim eliptičnim krivuljama odnosno njihovi predstavnici NTRU, Classic McEliece i SIKE koji su prošli u drugu fazu natjecanja i za koje se očekuje da će biti vrlo blizu uključenja u pobjednike natjecanja.

Abstract (english)

Modern cryptography can be separated into two large groups of cryptographic algorithms; symmetric and asymmetric. Symmetric cryptographic algorithms are used for protection of data, while asymmetric are used for key exchange between communication parties. Imminent appearance of quantum computers threatens security of currently used cryptographic algorithms and therefore there is need for consideration of different, post-quantum cryptographic algoritms as a replacement for currently used cryptographic algorithms. Grover's quantum algorithm threatens security of symmetric algoritms in a way that halves their bits of security, while Shor's algorithm breaks currently used asymmetric cryptographic algoritms. This work describes competition Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization by NIST which goal is to standardize different post-quantum cryptographic algorithms which are used, among others, for the field of public key cryptography. Precisely, three groups of cryptographic algoritms are described; lattice-based cryptographic algoritms, code-based cryptographic algoritms and isogeny-based cryptographic algoritms and their representatives NTRU, Classic McEliece and SIKE. Those are cryptographic algorithms which are included in the second round of the competition and which are expected to be really close to be included as winners of the competition.

• Keywords: kriptografija; kvantna računala; post-kvantna; kriptografska zaštita javnim ključem; kvantni algoritam; standardizacija; Shor; Grover; McEliece; NTRU; SIKE
• Keywords (english): cryptography; quantum computers; post-quantum; public key cryptography; quantum algorithm; standardization; Shor; Grover; McEliece; NTRU; SIKE
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:168:266195
• Study programme: Title: Specialist study programme in information security; Study programme type: university; Study level: postgraduate specialist; Academic / professional title: Specijalist informacijske sigurnosti (Specijalist informacijske sigurnosti)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Closed access
• Created on: 2022-07-06 12:01:52