Projektiranje sklopova za upravljanje fotodioda s lavinskom multiplikacijom za detekciju jednog fotona u Geigerovom režimu rada

master's thesis

• Title (english): Design of Quenching Circuits for Geiger-mode Single Photon Avalanche Photodiodes
• Author: Filip Šegmanović
• Mentor: Tomislav Suligoj (mentor)
• Committee member: Tomislav Suligoj (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marko Koričić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mirko Poljak (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Electrical Engineering

Abstract

Fotodiode s lavinskom multiplikacijom za detekciju jednog fotona rade u Geigerovom načinu rada gdje je radni napon diode veći od probojnog napona, te tada fotodioda može detektirati jedan foton koji onda prouzrokuje lavinsku multiplikaciju. Za vrijeme lavinske multiplikacije struja kroz diodu naglo poraste, sve dok se lavinska multiplikacija ne zaustavi sklopom za potiskivanje proboja. Postoji više izvedbi sklopova za potiskivanje proboja, a u ovom radu je projektirano tri sklopa za potiskivanje proboja. Osnovni sklop je bio pasivni sklop s pasivnim resetiranjem koji je imao sporo vrijeme resetiranja. Zbog tog nedostatka, projektiran je sklop s aktivnim resetiranjem. Njegov nedostatak je bilo to što nakon prestanka vođenja tranzistora, sklop se opet pasivno resetira. Taj se nedostatak riješio uvođenjem sklopa kojim se upravlja vremenom odgode te se projektirao konačni sklop s podesivim vremenom odgode. Taj je sklop imao brzo vrijeme resetiranja, te omogućava varijabilnost vremena odgode. Kao glavni nedostatak tog sklopa su, pri malim vremenima odgode, pojave naknadnih impulseva. S ciljem da se utvrdi ovisnost pojave tih impulsa o vremenu odgode, provedena je statistika u kojoj se jasno vidi da sa smanjenjem vremena odgode pojavljivanje naknadnih impulseva raste. Također se promjenom diode može znatno utjecati na pojavu tih impulseva, jer dioda koja je prvobitno korištena pokazuje velik postotak pojave tih impulseva, dok ostale dvije diode koje su se koristile tek u statističkom mjerenju pokazuju malen postotak pojave tih impulseva. Kao optimalno vrijeme odgode se onda može uzeti iznos od otprilike 700 ns.

Abstract (english)

Single photon avalanche photodiodes operate in Geiger's mode, where the operating voltage of the photodiode is larger than the breakdown voltage of the photodide. In Geiger's mode, the photodiode can detect a single photon which would then cause a selfsustaining avalanche. During the avalanche the current of the diode increases rapidly until the avalanche is quenched. There are many different desings of quenching circuit and in this work three of them are desinged. The basic circuit was the passive quenching circuit with passive reset. Its main drawback is the slow reset time. Because of that, a passive circuit with active reset was desinged. The drawback of this circuit was when the transistor stoped working, a passive reset would occur. To get rid of that problem, a passive circuit with active reset and adjustable hold-off time was desinged. This circiut had a fast reset time with adjustable hold-off time. Main drawback of this circuit was the occurance of afterpulsing when the hold-off time is shorter. In order to determine the dependence of afterpulsing and hold-off time, a statistical measurement was carried out. From the results, it is clear that with the reduction of the hold-off time, the occurance of the afterpulse rises. It should also be noted, that by changing of the photodiode also determines the probability of afterpulsing. When the initial diode was changed with the two new photodiodes, the optimal hold-off time was determined to be 700 ns.

• Keywords: detekcija jednog fotona; fotodioda; potiskivanje proboja; Geigerov režim rada; pasivni sklop; pasivno resetiranje; aktivno resetiranje; naknadni impulsevi
• Keywords (english): detection of one photon; photodiode; quench; Geiger mode; passive circuit; passive reset; active reset; afterpulse
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:168:259679
• Study programme: Title: Electrical Engineering and Information Technology; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka elektrotehnike i informacijske tehnologije (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka elektrotehnike i informacijske tehnologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Closed access
• Created on: 2018-02-06 12:14:29